What is Diphtheria: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment and Prevention

Diphtheria is a bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It spreads through respiratory droplets, usually from person to person. This coating, called a pseudomembrane, can lead to airway obstruction and potentially life-threatening complications. Diphtheria spreads through respiratory droplets.

Prompt treatment is crucial. Doctors typically prescribe antibiotics to target the bacteria. Additionally, an antitoxin is administered to neutralize the diphtheria toxin and prevent further damage.

Causes of Diphtheria and Mode of Transmission

Diphtheria is caused by a specific bacterium called Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The primary mode of transmission is through respiratory droplets, usually when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

When an infected person coughs or sneezes, the bacteria are released into the air and can be inhaled by others nearby.

Once inside the body, the bacteria attach themselves to the lining of the respiratory tract, specifically the nose and throat.

The bacteria then multiply and release toxins, which are harmful substances that damage the surrounding tissues.

As a result, a thick, grayish coating called a pseudomembrane forms in the nose or throat, causing difficulty in breathing and swallowing.

Symptoms of Diphtheria

1. Sore Throat

One of the most common symptoms of diphtheria is a severe sore throat. It can be persistent and progressively worsen over time.

2. High Fever

A high fever is another characteristic symptom of diphtheria. The body temperature rises significantly as the infection progresses.

One unique feature of diphtheria is the formation of a thick, grayish coating in the nose or throat. This coating, called a pseudomembrane, is made up of dead cells, bacteria, and debris.

3. Formation of a Pseudomembrane

The formation of a grayish pseudomembrane in the nose or throat is another symptom of Diphtheria. As the pseudomembrane grows, it can obstruct the airway, leading to difficulty in breathing. This can cause a hoarse voice, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

4. Swollen Neck Gland

Another symptom of diphtheria is swollen neck glands. The lymph nodes in the neck may become tender, enlarged, and painful.

5. Fatigue

Diphtheria can also cause weakness and fatigue. The infection can take a toll on the body, leading to overall feelings of tiredness and exhaustion.

Treatment of Diphtheria

Timely and appropriate treatment of Diphtheria is crucial to prevent complications.

The primary treatment for diphtheria involves the administration of antibiotics, such as penicillin or erythromycin. These antibiotics work by killing the bacteria responsible for the infection, helping to eliminate the source of the illness.

In addition to antibiotics, an antitoxin is also given to patients with diphtheria. The antitoxin neutralizes the toxins produced by the bacteria and prevents further damage to the body.

With prompt treatment, most individuals with diphtheria can recover effectively. It’s important to note that diphtheria patients require close medical monitoring and care, often in a hospital.

Prevention of Diphtheria

Prevention is always better than treatment. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent diphtheria.

Children receive the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine, known as DTaP, as part of their routine immunization schedule.

Adults can receive the diphtheria-tetanus vaccine, called dT, to maintain their immunity.